Creating metal sculptures for underwater installations presents unique challenges that artists and engineers must address to ensure longevity and aesthetic appeal. One of the most significant hurdles is corrosion. Saltwater accelerates the oxidation process, requiring materials like stainless steel, bronze, or specially coated metals to resist degradation.

Another challenge is marine life interaction. Barnacles, algae, and other organisms can attach to sculptures, altering their appearance and potentially damaging surfaces. Regular maintenance or anti-fouling coatings are often necessary to mitigate this issue.

Structural integrity is also critical. Underwater currents and pressure can stress metal sculptures, demanding robust engineering to prevent collapse or displacement. Anchoring systems must be designed to withstand dynamic ocean conditions while minimizing environmental disruption.

Finally, visibility and accessibility pose logistical difficulties. Underwater sculptures often require divers for installation and upkeep, increasing costs and complexity. Despite these challenges, innovative solutions continue to push the boundaries of underwater art, blending creativity with marine science.