Artists achieve stunning texture and depth in metal surfaces through masterful manipulation of the material itself, avoiding additional elements. Techniques like hammering with specialized tools create dimpled or rippled effects, while engraving carves fine lines and patterns that catch light dynamically. Chasing and repoussé involve pushing metal from both sides to form raised or recessed designs. Chemical patination alters surface colors through controlled oxidation, producing organic-looking variations. Sandblasting or acid etching selectively removes material for matte contrasts, and fold-forming creates organic ridges by repeatedly bending sheets. Heat application can produce unique crystalline patterns in some metals. By combining these methods, artists simulate complex topographies—from weathered antique finishes to intricate organic textures—all while honoring the metal's inherent properties. The interplay of light across these manipulated surfaces further amplifies the illusion of depth, proving that subtractive and transformative techniques often yield more sophisticated results than additive approaches.