Wood carvings can evoke powerful emotions through deliberate design choices that create harmony or dissonance. Harmony is achieved by balancing elements like symmetry, smooth textures, and flowing lines, which convey tranquility and unity. For example, repetitive patterns or complementary shapes in relief carvings foster visual cohesion.

Dissonance, on the other hand, arises from intentional contrasts—jagged edges, asymmetrical forms, or conflicting textures disrupt expectations and provoke tension. Techniques like deep undercutting or mixing polished and rough surfaces amplify this effect.

Material selection also plays a role; lighter woods like basswood suggest softness, while darker, grain-heavy woods like walnut introduce drama. Master carvers manipulate light and shadow by varying depths, further enhancing emotional impact. Whether aiming for serenity or unease, understanding these principles elevates wood carving from craft to profound artistic expression.