Relief carvings transform flat wooden surfaces into dynamic, three-dimensional artworks. Skilled wood carvers employ several techniques to create the illusion of depth, making figures and scenes appear lifelike.

One key method is undercutting, where the artist carves deeper around the edges of raised elements, casting shadows that enhance dimensionality. Layering is another crucial approach—carvers work at varying depths, with foreground elements protruding more than background details.

Texture also plays a vital role. Smoothing high points and roughening recessed areas tricks the eye into perceiving distance. Additionally, gradation of depth—gradually reducing carving depth from foreground to background—mimics natural perspective.

Finally, strategic shadow manipulation enhances realism. Carvers study light angles to ensure shadows emphasize contours, deepening the illusion. Mastery of these techniques allows even shallow relief carvings to appear remarkably deep and intricate.