Artists employ underglaze and overglaze techniques to achieve distinct visual and textural effects in porcelain sculpture decoration. Underglaze involves applying pigments directly onto unfired clay or bisque ware before the final glaze firing. This method allows for intricate detailing and vibrant colors, as the pigments bond with the clay during high-temperature firing. Common underglaze materials include oxides and stains, which remain stable under extreme heat.

Overglaze, on the other hand, is applied after the final glaze firing. Artists use low-fire enamels, lusters, or gold leaf to add delicate details, metallic accents, or additional colors. Since overglaze materials fuse at lower temperatures, they offer a broader color palette but are less durable than underglaze.

The choice between techniques depends on the desired outcome. Underglaze suits bold, long-lasting designs, while overglaze excels in fine, decorative enhancements. Many artists combine both methods, layering underglaze for base designs and overglaze for finishing touches, creating multidimensional porcelain masterpieces.