Creating porcelain sculptures for underwater or aquatic environments presents unique challenges that test the limits of both artistry and material science. One of the most significant hurdles is the fragility of porcelain, which is prone to cracking or breaking under the constant pressure and movement of water. Artists must carefully select high-fired porcelain or composite materials to enhance durability while maintaining aesthetic appeal.

Another critical issue is the long-term effects of water exposure, such as erosion, mineral deposits, and biological growth like algae or barnacles, which can alter the sculpture's appearance. Special glazes or sealants are often required to mitigate these effects, but finding non-toxic solutions that protect marine ecosystems adds another layer of complexity.

Additionally, the installation process demands meticulous planning. Sculptures must be securely anchored to withstand currents and tides, yet their placement should harmonize with the aquatic environment. Balancing artistic vision with practical constraints—such as buoyancy and weight distribution—requires innovative engineering.

Finally, maintenance and accessibility pose ongoing challenges. Underwater sculptures are difficult to monitor and repair, often requiring specialized divers or equipment. Despite these obstacles, the allure of creating ethereal, submerged art continues to inspire artists to push the boundaries of porcelain craftsmanship.