Authenticating porcelain sculptures without proper documentation can be challenging but not impossible. Experts rely on a combination of techniques to verify authenticity. First, examine the material composition—authentic antique porcelain often has unique clay mixtures and glaze formulas detectable through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or thermoluminescence testing. Second, analyze stylistic details like brushwork, motifs, and craftsmanship, which often reflect specific historical periods or artists. Third, study the base or foot of the sculpture for kiln marks, stamps, or wear patterns that indicate age. Consulting comparative collections in museums or auction records can also provide clues. Lastly, seek professional appraisers or forensic art analysts for advanced verification. While documentation is ideal, these methods offer reliable alternatives for authentication.