Authenticating undocumented porcelain sculptures requires a combination of expert knowledge, scientific analysis, and historical research. Here are the most effective methods:

1. Visual and Tactile Examination: Experts assess the sculpture’s glaze, color, texture, and craftsmanship. Genuine antique porcelain often exhibits subtle imperfections and aging signs like crazing or patina.

2. Material and Pigment Analysis: Advanced techniques like X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or thermoluminescence (TL) testing can determine the age and composition of materials, revealing modern reproductions.

3. Provenance Research: Tracing the sculpture’s history through records, previous ownership, or exhibition history adds credibility. Lack of documentation doesn’t always indicate inauthenticity but requires deeper investigation.

4. Comparative Analysis: Comparing the piece with documented works from the same era or artist helps identify stylistic consistencies or discrepancies.

5. Consulting Specialists: Reputable appraisers or museum curators can provide invaluable insights based on their experience with similar artifacts.

Combining these methods increases the accuracy of authentication, ensuring the porcelain sculpture’s true value and heritage are recognized.